![]() ![]() Ultimately, Pareja asserted his autonomy and identity through his own art. Juan de Pareja, the slave of Spanish painter Diego Velázquez, for instance, moved from a position as a sidelined subject, to take a more central and dominant role in Velázquez’s work. ![]() However, Millington suggests that while these relationships were complex and conflicted, they were often grounded in affection, respect and even love. The book, composed of 29 short segments about different muses, illustrates how, historically, the muse-artist relationship could be fraught with power imbalances and servitude. By allowing her body to be used as a canvas, she furthered her goals as she “simultaneously parodied and reclaimed ‘primitivism’ in uncompromising fashion” and was elevated to “a genderless deity.” Millington contends that Jones, already skilled in subverting society’s expectations of race, gender and sexuality, was not just a muse, but an equal collaborator with her own artistic aims. The stunning photos were published in Interview magazine, founded by Warhol. Mapplethorpe photographed Jones, whose body was painted with Haring’s trademark ‘tribal’ pictograms. This catapulted Jones from supermodel and music icon to the ultimate muse. Through this action, Millington says, “Dalí outwardly declared the shared endeavour between artist and muse by naming her.”Īnother powerful example is the 1984 collaboration between Grace Jones and three of New York’s most famous artists – Andy Warhol, Robert Mapplethorpe and Keith Haring. Millington points out that we often assume artists always choose their muses, but in this case the reverse was true – Gala chose Dalí as she “spotted talent that needed nurturing.” Dalí used the signature “Gala-Dalí” on some of his works in recognition of her invaluable input. Gala was not only an art critic and champion, but also the inspiration for Paul Éluard’s poetry and the face of surrealism, acting as the muse for Man Ray and Max Ernst, as well as Dalí. One example Millington shares is Gala Dalí’s pivotal role in shaping the career of her husband, Salvador, then an unknown artist. ![]()
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